Sentence Patterns

Vocabulary:
S = subject
V = verb
P = prepositional phrase
M = modify
DO = direct object
IO = indirect object
IC = independent clause: complete idea (s+v)
DC = dependent clause: incomplete idea (v)
; = semi-colon
: = colon
, = comma
CC = coordinating conjuction (fanboys)
CA = conjuctive adverb: morover, then, thus, hence, however, therefore... (one syllable: no comma afterwards)
" " = quotation marks
- = hyphen
— = dash

A background: the sentence
sentence: complete idea (s+v). simple or complex (2 ICs)
ex. CSL (s) has 3200 talented (m) students, which are really interesting (dc).
phrase: incomplete idea (no v)
clause: independent or dependent

Pattern 1:
IC; IC

ex. Hard work is only one dire of the equation; talent is the other.

Some people dream of being something; others stay awake and are.

Most of us choose our fate; some let others decide.

The narrator in "The Tell-Tale Heart" claimed he was sane; the police thought otherwise.

Pattern 1A:
IC; CA, IC

ex. The story was not very interesting; therefore, it is not worth reading.

Edgar Allan Poe had a very unusual ; thus wrote many bizarre stories.

The princess was very cunning and manipulative; consequentely, she was able to discover the secret of the two doors.

Pattern 1B:
IC; IC, CC

ex. The old man had always been nice to me; however, his glass eye bothered me, and this is why I had to get rid of him.

The princess was very cunning and manipulative, consequentely, she was able to discover the secret of the two doors, and she used it to decide the lover's fate.

Frank Stockton started out as a woodcarver; he later became a writer, for it was something that he loved.

Pattern 2:
IC: IC
General statement : specific statement

ex. Darwin's Origin of Species forcibly states a harsh truth: only the fittest survive.

The empty coffin in the middle of crypt had a single horrifying meaning: Dracula had awakened to search for fresh blood.

The princess had the fate of her lover in her hands: he could live or he could die.

Wilde expresses a universal sentiment: love is more powerful than logic.

Pattern 3:
a series, A,B,C;

An Occurence at Owl Creek Bridge

Vocabulary:
1. swift: moving or capable of moving with great speed or velocity; fleet; rapid
2. stout: bulky in figure; heavily built; corpulent; thickset
3. stockade: Fortification. a defensive barrier consisting of strong posts or timbers fixed upright in the ground
4. protruded: to thrust forward; cause to project
5. spanned: to extend over or across (a section of land, a river, etc.)
6. unsteadfast:
7. sluggish: moving slowly, or having little motion, as a stream
8. gray-clad:
9. picket: a post, stake, pale, or peg that is used in a fence or barrier, to fasten down a tent, etc.
10. famished: extremely hungry

Story:
was written in 1892.

When?
Civil War, 1860s
Where?
Alabama

Peyton Farquhar:
slave owner
spy: dressed in gray, but he was a blue soldier
driftwood: bridge

Ambrose Bierce:
* he was born in 1862 in Ohio.
* was a major in the union army (blue army)
* married after the war
* did not care for religion
* got a job writing for a newspaper after the war (harsh critic) (made several ennemies: Oscar Wilde)
* no one knows what happened to him near the end of his life; he disapeared. (Mexico...)

* influences on him:

• his uncle was a general: influenced him to be in the army
• his father: had a library, so he grew to like reading
• he decided to write because he could not fight in the war any longer, which is why his stories treat the subject of war.

Images in the story:
ex. "Sound of the watch was like the stroke of a blacksmith's hammer upon the anvil.

1. "He dug his fingers into the sand, threw it over himself in handfuls and audibly blessed it. It looked like diamonds, rubies, emeralds; he could think of nothing beautiful which it did not resemble."
2. "They hurt his ear like the thrust of a knife; " (the sounds)
   
3. " The wind made in their branches the music of Aeolian harps."
4. " his brain was on fire;"
5. " The black bodies of the trees formed a straight wall on both sides, terminating on the horizon in a point, like a diagram in a lesson in perspective."
   

The Lady or the Tiger

Frank Stockton, author of The Lady or the Tiger?
* 1834- 1902.
* American author, born in Philedelphia.
* Writer in the 1860's. First published book in 1867.
* Wrote for children as well as for adults.
* The Lady or the Tiger? was written in 1882.


Vocabulary
1. barbaric: without civilizing influences; uncivilized; primitive
2. florid: reddish; ruddy; rosy
3. untrammeled: not limited or restricted; unrestrained
4. exuberant: effusively and almost uninhibitedly enthusiastic; lavishly abundant
5. withal: in spite of all; nevertheless
6. genial: warmly and pleasantly cheerful; cordial
7. orbs: a sphere or globe
8. asserted: resting on a statement or claim unsupported by evidence or proof; alleged
9. rhapsodies: Music. an instrumental composition irregular in form and suggestive of improvisation
10. barleycorn: barley

Vocabulary:
1. will: wish or desire
2. valour: boldness or determination in facing great danger
3. poetic justice: an ideal distribution of rewards and punishments
4. wails: a wailing cry, as of grief, pain or despair
5. mourners: a person who grieves a death
6. dire: terrible or calamitous circumstances
7. fate: that which is inevitably predetermined, destiny
8. fair: free from blemish, imperfection, or anything that impairs the appearance, quality, or character
9. choristers: members of a singing choir
10. maidens: an unmarried girl or woman
11. the apple of his eye: something, or someone, cherished above others
12. unsurpassed: something that is the best, and cannot be improved
13. startling: surprising, alarming and unexpected
14. damsels: a young woman or girl; a maiden, originally one of gentle or noble birth
15. glances: a quick or brief look
16. mazes: something that is made up of confusing and compex elements
17. fangs: any of the canine teeth of a carnivorous animal with which it seizes and tears it's prey
18. gnashed: grinding teeth with anticipation and nervousness
19. shriek: a loud, sharp, shrill cry
20. anguished: feeling great mental pain/disconfort while facing a conundrum



Question:
What advice would you give the lover boy and why?

I would tell the lover boy to chose the door that the princess did not point to. He should aknowledge the princess' barbarism and her strong feelings of hate and jealousy. The princess seemed to be more torn up about the idea of seeing him happy with the maiden (whom she does not like) rather than seeing him dead. Jealousy is a feeling that can often push ones proper sense of judgement to the side and I believe that the princess' judgement would have been influenced by her jealousy.

Speaking Criteria

1. Delivery, loudness, pace, pronunciation, enthusiasm, movement (eye contact, body, hands/arms).

2. Content:
Introduction:
-give overview
-ask a question
-give a statistic
-anectote (or joke)
-quotation

*pick your words carefully.
*visual device: powerpoint, board, picture...

3. Organization:
-markers
-transitional words: sequencing (first, second, finally, then...)
-conclusion (summarizes)

4. Language:
-vocabulary
-grammar