Inherit the Wind

Characters:

1. Bertrand Cates:
   main character
   science teacher
   24 years old
   defendant
   
2. M. H. Brady:
   prosecutor
   christian fundamentalist
   political figure: ran for president several times but lost
   "hero"
   "country guy"
   
3. Henry Drummond:
   defense attorney
   against the fundamentalist
   free thinker
   does not care about what people think about him
   "city guy"
   
4. E.K. Hornbeck:
   cynical
   journalist
   hates Brady's fundamentalism
   "city guy"
   
5. Rev. J. Brown:
   pillar of christian fundamentalism
   pastor / preacher
   preaches "fire and bromstone"
   
6. Rachel Brown:
   daughter of Rev. J. Brown
   lover of Cates
   conflict: belief? (follow the beliefs of her father or her lover)
   grade two teacher
   
7. Judge:
   supposed to be impartial but shows favoritism towards Brady
   open to free thought
   
8. Townspeople:
   reserved
   conservative
   fundamentalists
   evolution
   strong / good values
   "country people"

Study Questions

1. How does Howard and Melinda’s interaction at the beginning of the play foreshadow
the major issues of the play?
IRREVELANT

2. What does Meeker, the bailiff’s, willingness to let Cates out of jail to meet with Rachel
tell us both about his offence and the town?
It tells us that Cates is not a threat to anyone and the whole atmosphere is easy going.

3. What kind of town does Hillsboro seem to be in its preparations for Brady’s arrival?
It is very religious and proud of their beliefs (they want to show their beliefs to the outsiders).

4. What does Brady’s relationship with his wife tell us about his character?
That Brady seems insecure although he had a very high stature.

5. What does Brady’s conversation with Rachel, and subsequent behaviour afterwards tell
us about his character?
That he seemed to be very manipulative and sly.

6. How is Drummond characterized by the townspeople? Later when we meet him do
they seem to be correct?
Drummond is seen as a heathen and unethical. At first it seems, but later we are proven wrong.

7. What role does Hornbeck play in the action of the play? What is the significance of the
way he speaks?
He is a troublemaker, a cynic. He is a non-believer who supports Drummond. Self Centered. Close minded. condescending

8. Do the elements of the trial seem fair to you? Why or why not?
That J also names him colonel; however, the J disregards all his witnesses

9. What do you think Rachel’s motivations for asking Cates to drop the trial and admit
his guilt stem from?


10. What does Brady’s intervention in Reverend Brown’s sermon say about him? Does
this contradict what you thought about him as a character?


11. What is the central issue that Drummond is arguing for in the courtroom?


12. Do you think it is fair that none of Drummond’s expert witnesses are allowed to act as
witnesses?

The Lottery

Vocabulary

Midterm Writing Test

Part A:

Question 2:
Louise Mallard stops crying after realizing that she is now liberated from her husband and can start living for herself: she is excited about the idea of being independent. This is clearly shown in the following quote: "She said it over and over under her breath; 'free, free, free!' The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright."

Question 3:
When Louise finds out that she is a widow she goes through a mix of emotions. After having first heard the news, she is sadened by it; however, she feels liberated now that she is alone. She ccan now live for herself and no longer for her husband: she is independent. "There would be no one to live during those coming years; she would live for herself."

Question 5:
While Louise is sitting in the chair, looking out a window while she is alone in her room there are many descriptions of what she can see through the window. The first thing that she can see through the squares of her window is the new spring life aquivered at the top of the trees. This is important because the new spring life represents the new life she is about to begin as a widow. She also see's patches of blue sky here and there piercing through the rainy clouds. The patches of blue sky can here be compared to hope; hope that there is life after the dark times. (What she is seeing through her window reminds her of what her life as a widow will be like).

Question 7:
Louise feels joy and sadness at the same after the death of her husband. In the text, it is stated that Louise did love her husband, but only sometimes: most of the time she had not. This helps understand why at first she feels sadness towards the death of her husband: because she had in fact loved him. However, because she had not loved him a lot of the time, she felt liberated by the idea of him no longer being there.


Part B:

In Kate Chopin's short story "The Story of an Hour", there is a great deal of irony used in order to make a greater effect upon the readers. The message of the story as well as the marriage situation comes across differently through the use of irony. The main use is of course, the fact that the sick wife celebrates her husband's death and then dies after realizing that her husband is in fact, still alive. The first example of irony found in the text is when we find out that Louise's husband is dead. "He has only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram." After reading this sentence, it is clear that the husband is dead, although later on in the text, it is shown that he was never dead to begin with.

The use of irony creates a wonderful effect while describing the couple's marriage in the story. The reader first gets the sense that Louise has an emotional attachement to her husband when reading: "she wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment, in her sister's arms." However, when Louise cries out "free, free, free!" it is easy to understand that she has here understood that she is liberated from her unhappy marriage with her husband and that she did not have as big of an emotional attachement. It is later stated that "she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome." By reading this is is clear that she did not love him as much as she felt hate towards him (as she would spend more time being happy about his death rather than sad).

Another use of irony throughout the short story is Louise's illness. It is stated at the begining of the story that she is sick and her resentement of life is clearly shown throughout te story. I first came to that realisation after reading the sentence: "It was only yesterday that she had thought with a shudder that life might be long." After reading that Louise is sick at the begining of the story, it comes across as being meaningless; however, when she dies after realizing that her husband was never dead, the use of irony creates a great effect for the reader. It seems as though Louise was destined to die. Without the use of irony in Kate Chopin's "The Story of an Hour", the story would not have been as interesting for the reader.

Using Quotes

1. With a complete idea:
   ex. Hemingway often uses dialogue to emphasize a character trait: "The girl looked at the bead curtain, put her hand out and took hold of two of the strings of beads."
   
2. With an incomplete idea:
   ex. In Hemingway's story, Jig said, "They look like white elephants."
   
3. Inside a sentence:
   ex. The girl in Hemingway's story remarked, "Everything tastes of licorice, " revealing her attitude toward life.
   
4. With an incomplete quote:
   ex. Heminway's story takes place "between two lines of rails in the sun."
   
5. With an ellipsis:
   ex. "The girl looked at the beads..."
   
6. Within a quote:
   ex. Hemingway wrote, " 'They're lovely hills,' she said, 'They don't really look like white elephants.' "

C.C. and C.A.

1. a) She went to bed early, but it took hours for her to fall asleep.
   b) She went to bed early; however, it took hours for her to fall asleep.
   
   
2. a) She wants to lose weight, so she has gone on a strict diet.
   b) She wants to lose weight; therefore, she has gone on a strict diet.
   
   
3. a) The night air was very still, and a light rain had begun to fall.
   b) The night air was very still ;moreover, a light rain had begun to fall.
   
   
4. a) Her friend did her best to learn to cook, but nothing she prepared came out right.
   b) Her friend did her best to learn to cook ;however, nothing she prepared came out right.
   
   
5. a) Our team learned that the train would be very late, so we decided to take the plane.
   b) Our team learned that the train would be very late; therefore, we decided to take the plane.
   
   
6. a) The girl can sing very well, and she is a talented actress.
   b) The girl can sing very well; moreover, she is a talented actress.
   
   
7. a) Their basement was damaged by the flood, but they can't afford to fix it now.
   b) Their basement was damaged by the flood; however, they can't afford to fix it now.
   
   
8. a) My boss wants to live like a millionaire, so he bought an expensive mansion in an exclusive area.
   b) My boss wants to live like a millionaire; therefore, he bought an expensive mansion in an exclusive area.
   
   
9. a) Their army lost the last few battles, but they kept on fighting.
   b) Their army lost the last few batles; however, they kept on fighting.
   
   
10. a) Capital punishment is often applied unfairly, and a mistake is sometimes made.
    b) Capital punishment is often applied unfairly; moreover, a mistake is sometimes made.
    
    
11. a) The boy has been absent from class many times, so the principal called him to his office for an explanation.
    b) The boy has been absent from class many times; therefore, the principal called him to his office for an explanation.
    

How to analyze a poem through...

Diction:

• Figures of speech:
• Simile: direct comparison (like, as)
• Metaphor: indirect comparison
• Personnification: bringing life or giving human qualities to something
• Apostrophe: addressing someone directly
• Hyperbole: exageration
• Oxymoron: opposite ideas "the sounds of silence"
• Euphony vs cacophony
• Onomatopeia: sounds that imitate meaning "the buzzing of the bees"
• Connotation vs denotation: literal meaning vs suggestive meaning
• Concrete vs abstractions
• Level of language: formal "child", informal "kid", slang "squirt".
  
  
• Rhymes:
• Alliterary: repetition of consonant sounds
• Assonance: repetition of vowel sounds
• Consonance
  
• Imagery: 5 senses (sounds, visuals, touch, taste, smell)
  
• Symbolism
  
• Irony
  
• Pun: fun use of language "A bicycle can't stand alone because it is two-tired"

Hills Like White Elephants

Vocabulary:

1. felt: any matted fabric or material
2. reales: a former silver coin of Spain and Spanish America, the eighth part of a peso

Ernest Hemingway:

• Journalist (Toronto)
• Bad relationship with women (married five times)
• Committed suicide (just like his father...)
• Won the Nobel Litterature Prize in 1953
• Also won the Pulitzer Prize
  
• Lived in Paris and Spain
• The story was based on his own life and the second pregnancy of his first wife
• He had trouble communicating

Plan:

Thesis statement:
Hemingway uses two literary elements: setting and symbolism to explore the issue of "abortion."

"Though the word “abortion” is nowhere in the story, it is doubtlessly understood through Hemingway’s powerful use of two literary elements: setting and symbolism."

P1: topic sentence main idea (supporting evidence (quotation), supporting evidence):
"From the first paragraph the setting immediately introduces the tense atmosphere that will surround the rest of the story."

Setting (Spain, rail station) to describe the tense atmosphere between Jig and the American.

Supporting evidence: "The two lines of rails in the sun."

Supporting evidence: "The openness and loneliness around the railroad station imply that there is no way to back out of the problem at hand and that the man and the girl must address it now."

P2: t.s. :
"When the girl sees the long and white hills she says that “they look like white elephants.”"

Supporting evidence: "As she observes the white hills she foresees elatedly the birth of her baby – something unique like the uncommon white elephant."

Supporting evidence: "Just as the girl appreciates the panorama and its connection to her unborn child the “shadow of a cloud,” which represents the abortion of the fetus, overcomes her happiness"

P3: t.s. :


Supporting evidence: ""

Supporting evidence: ""

P4: t.s. :


Supporting evidence: ""

Supporting evidence: ""

The Nightingale and the Rose

Vocabulary:

1. holm-oak: an evergreen oak, Quercus ilex, of southern Europe, having foliage resembling that of the holly
2. wretched: very unfortunate in condition or circumstances; miserable; pitiable
3. clasped: to seize, grasp, or grip with the hand
4. Nightingale: any of several small, Old World, migratory birds of the thrush family, esp. Luscinia megarhynchos, of Europe, noted for the melodious song of the male, given chiefly at night during the breeding season
5. courtiers: a person who is often in attendance at the court of a king or other royal personage
6. mermaidens:
7. fans: Physical Geography
8. bluebells: any of numerous plants of the bellflower family, having blue, bell-shaped flowers, as a bellflower or harebell
9. frankincense: an aromatic gum resin from various Asian and African trees of the genus Boswellia, esp. B. carteri, used chiefly for burning as incense in religious or ceremonial practices, in perfumery, and in pharmaceutical and fumigating preparations
10. cynic: a person who shows or expresses a bitterly or sneeringly cynical attitude

Oscar Wilde:

• Victorian Era
• known for The Importance of Being Ernest
• he was accused for being a homosexual and went to kail for two years because of his accusation.
• Before he was sentenced, he was married and had two sons
• He dedicated his short story, The Nightingale and the Rose to his two sons

Symbolism:

Student: (NAIVETÉ / CYNICISM)In The Nightingale and the Rose, the student has a very unpredictable personality: he represents the typical human being. For example: when the princess refuses to dance with him, he immediately gives up on love even though he has been in love with the princess from the beginning.

Red Rose: (TRUE LOVE THAT BECOMES UNREQUITED LOVE) In the story, the red rose is the symbol of true love brought by sacrifice (the Nightingale's life was the sacrifice).

Oak Tree: (WISDOM) The oak tree played the role of the fatherly figure in this story. The oak tree had to let go of the Nightingale which for so long, rested up in his branches.

Princess: (MATERIALISM) In The Nightingale and the Rose, the princess represented materialism. This is shown when she chooses to reject the prince because the rose he gives her will not go with her dress. Another reason for which she chooses to reject him is because she believes that the jewels the Chamberlain's nephew gave her are worth far more than a simple red rose (when in fact, the red rose was worth much more: the life of the Nightingale who sacrificed himself for true love).

Nightingale: (GOODNESS / VIRTUE / SACRIFICE / COMPASSION) The Nightingale played a very important role in this short story: it represented sacrifice made in the honour of love. The Nightingale believes in true love and that love is more important than life.

Images:

• Personnification: The Nightingale, the oak tree, the rose trees, the butterfly, the lizard, and the flower are all able to speak. The Nightingale is also capable of feelings.
  
  
• Simile: "His hair is as dark as the hyacinth -blossom, his lips are as red as the rose of his desire; but passion has made his face like pale ivory"
  
  
• Metaphor: "Flame-coloured are his wings"
  
  
• Alliteration: "You must build it of music by moonlight" (the sound "m")
  
  
• Assonance: "Like the flush in the face of the bridgroom when he kisses the lips of the bride" ( the two different sounds of the letter "i")
  
  
• Consonance: "Crimson was the girdle of the pedals, and crimson as the ruby was the heart"
  

250 words (2 paragraphs) about the story or about Oscar Wilde:

Oscar Wilde was an Irish playwright, poet, and author of numerous short stories as well as one novel from the Victorian Era. He lived from October of 1854 until November of 1900. Throughout this time period, he was a very well known figure. He became one of the biggest celebrities of his day due to his biting wit but also, because he was one of the most successful playwrights. He was deeply affected by beauty and lead a very flamboyant life (just like his clothes!). Wilde did not follow the norm of the typical Victorian styles. In fact, he was frequently made fun of; many would publibly mock (or caricaturize) him. His sometimes homoerotic themes also gave the public a reason to speak of him; he was subject to controversy. Although many did not appreciate him, he definitely made his mark with his wit as well as with his style.

Oscar Wilde was a very successful author and has been an inspiration for many. He is most commonly known for his play, The Importance of Being Ernest, which is still commonly played (just like many more of his works). Many of his works have been translated to several languages, and have been adapted to our stages and screens up until this day. Because he has been such an inspiration, many other authors have written plays (Leslie and Swell Stokes' 1936, Oscar Wilde), and made movies (two of which were released in 1960, one of which was inspired on the Stokes' play) in his honour.